University Of Miami dba University Of Miami Rosenstiel Marine
- View government funding actions
- Key Biscayne, FL 331491031
- Phone: 305-421-4089
- Estimated Number of Employees: 13,060
- Estimated Annual Receipts: $1,860,000,000
- Business Start Date: 1926
- Contact Person: Jill Tincher
- Contact Phone: 305-284-3952
- Contact Email: jtincher@med.miami.edu
- Business Structure:
- Corporate Entity (Tax Exempt)
- Business Type:
- Private University or College
- Non-Profit Organization
- Educational Institution
- Industries Served: Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools
- Product Areas: R&D- ECONOMIC GROWTH: EMPLOYMENT GROWTH/PRODUCTIVITY (BASIC RESEARCH), R&D-EMPL GROW-PRODUCTIVTY-B RES, R&D-EMPL GROW-PRODUCTIVTY-MGMT SUP, R&D- ECONOMIC GROWTH: EMPLOYMENT GROWTH/PRODUCTIVITY (MANAGEMENT/SUPPORT), R&D-EMPL GROW-PRODUCTIVTY-COMERCLIZ, R&D- ECONOMIC GROWTH: EMPLOYMENT GROWTH/PRODUCTIVITY (COMMERCIALIZED), R&D- ECONOMIC GROWTH: PRODUCT/SERVICE IMPROVEMENT (OPERATIONAL SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT), R&D-PROD/SERV IMPROVEMENT-OPSY DEV, SPECIAL STUDIES/ANALYSIS- ACCOUNTING/FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, STUDY/ACCOUNTING/FINANCIAL MGT
Sampling of Federal Government Funding Actions/Set Asides
In order by amount of set aside monies.
- $90,000 - Monday the 2nd of July 2012
National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration
WESTERN ACQUISITION DIVISION - SEATTLE
EXERCISE OF OPTION PERIOD II - $70,893 - Thursday the 28th of May 2015
National Aeronautics And Space Administration
NASA SHARED SERVICES CENTER
OBJECTIVES: THIS PROPOSAL WILL BE FOR THE CONTINUATION AND EXTENSION OF CURRENT ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE NPP SCIENCE TEAM WHICH INVOLVE OVERSIGHT OF THE ASPECTS OF VIIRS SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE (SST) RETRIEVALS TO ATTEMPT TO ENSURE THAT THE SATELLITE SERIES CONTINUES THE TIME SERIES OF GLOBAL SSTS DERIVED BY INFRARED RADIOMETERS. THE EXPERIENCE WE BRING TO THE PROJECT IS BASED ON CURRENT AND PAST ACTIVITIES WITH AVHRR PATHFINDER, MODIS SCIENCE TEAM, AIRS VALIDATION TEAM, NPP SCIENCE TEAM AND THE GHRSST SCIENCE TEAM. THE PROJECT WOULD LEVERAGE ACTIVITIES SUPPORTED THROUGH THE MODIS SST ALGORITHM MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES, WHICH ARE THE SUBJECT OF COMPANION PROPOSALS SUBMITTED BY THE PIS TO THE ROSES09 ANNOUNCEMENT, AND OF THE OCEAN CALIBRATION TEAM FUNDED BY NOAA. METHOD: WE WILL CONTINUE TO EVALUATE RESULTS OF PRE-LAUNCH TESTING AND CHARACTERIZATION, INSOFAR THAT THESE INFLUENCE THE ACCURACY OF THE SST RETRIEVALS. ANTICIPATING THE NPP LAUNCH IN SEPTEMBER 2011, WE WILL BUILD ON THE MODIS SST EXPERIENCE IN PREPARING ALGORITHM TESTING PROCEDURES THAT HAVE TO BE IN PLACE AT THE TIME OF LAUNCH. THE EARLY VALIDATION OF THE VIIRS SSTS WILL REQUIRE RAPID COMPARISONS WITH OTHER SATELLITE SST FIELDS (E.G. FROM MODIS AND AMSR-E) THAT HAVE ALREADY UNDERGONE EXTENSIVE VALIDATION AND WELL-DEFINED UNCERTAINTIES. IN ADDITION, SHIP-BASED RADIOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF THE SKIN SST WILL BE REQUIRED VERY EARLY IN THE MISSION AS THE VIIRS SST KEY PERFORMANCE PARAMETER INCLUDES BOTH SKIN AND SUB-SURFACE TEMPERATURES. WE WILL PROPOSE TO UNDERTAKE THE SKIN SST VALIDATION USING THE M-AERIS AND ISARS RADIOMETERS CURRENTLY BEING USED FOR THE VALIDATION OF SSTS FROM MODIS AND OTHER SPACECRAFT RADIOMETERS, AND THE NEW M-AERI MK2 CURRENTLY UNDER DEVELOPMENT. WE WILL CONTINUE TO PARTICIPATE IN TECHNICAL INTERCHANGE MEETINGS, PERIODIC VOAT MEETINGS AND THE NASA NPP SCIENCE TEAM CONFERENCE CALLS. SIGNIFICANCE: SST IS A KEY PERFORMANCE PARAMETER FOR VIIRS, AND ESTABLISHING THE ACCURACIES OF THE SST RETRIEVALS FROM THE FIRST VIIRS TO FLY IS OF CRITICAL IMPORTANCE. - $4,980 - Monday the 1st of October 2012
Department Of Navy
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
DATA EXTRACTION FROM SATELLITE - $403,248 - Thursday the 12th of April 2012
Department Of Army
W07V ENDIST ST LOUIS
SUPPORT OF ESTCP - FY 12 - RESOLUTION LANDSCAPE MOSAICS - $278,757 - Friday the 10th of July 2015
National Aeronautics And Space Administration
NASA SHARED SERVICES CENTER
OBJECTIVES: (1) DIAGNOSE CURRENT PERFORMANCE OF MODIS SST ALGORITHMS THROUGH COMPARISON OF AQUA AND TERRA SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE (SST) DERIVED FROM MODIS 4 AND 11μM RADIANCES WITH QUALITY CONTROLLED IN SITU SST OBSERVATIONS OBTAINED FROM MOORED AND DRIFTING BUOYS (BULK TEMPERATURE) AND MAERI AND ISAR INFRARED RADIOMETERS (SKIN TEMPERATURE). (2) ASSESS UNCERTAINTY IN SST ESTIMATES IN DIFFERENT PORTIONS OF A MULTIVARIATE SPACE. METHOD THIS WORK AUGMENTS AND ENHANCES ONGOING MODIS ACTIVITIES FOCUSED ON PRODUCING WELL-CALIBRATED, MULTI-YEAR SERIES OF GLOBAL SST, A KEY VARIABLE IN UNDERSTANDING VARIABILITY AND CHANGES IN THE EARTH SYSTEM. CO-LOCATED SATELLITE AND IN SITU SSTS ARE BEING USED TO HELP DIAGNOSE AND CORRECT INSTRUMENT-RELATED EFFECTS (E.G. MIRROR-SIDE EFFECTS IN TERRA-DERIVED SSTS) THAT OTHERWISE COULD BE ERRONEOUSLY INTERPRETED AS REAL SST VARIABILITY. RECENT PILOT WORK HAS INVOLVED ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO ESTIMATION OF SST RETRIEVAL EQUATION COEFFICIENTS BASED ON (I) SIX ZONAL BANDS (HEREAFTER, THE LATBAND APPROACH) AND (II) MONTH OF THE YEAR (I.E., ALL YEARS UTILIZE THE SAME MONTHLY COEFFICIENT SETS). THIS APPROACH REDUCED STANDARD DEVIATION OF AQUA 11-12 M SSTS TO<0.40 C, A LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE NOT ACHIEVED PREVIOUSLY. HOWEVER, TERRA SSTS STILL SHOWED BIASES APPARENTLY CORRELATED WITH INSTRUMENT CONFIGURATION DURING THE FIRST 2 YEARS OF OBSERVATION. ONCE VERSION 6 MODIS CALIBRATION (LUT6) SATELLITE EXTRACTIONS AND THE ASSOCIATED MATCHUP DATABASE (MDB) BECOME AVAILABLE, THE LATBAND ANALYSIS WILL BE REPEATED AND BIASES ADDRESSED. UPDATED AQUA AND TERRA V6 EQUATION COEFFICIENTS AND ASSOCIATED ERROR ESTIMATES WILL BE DELIVERED TO THE OCEAN BIOLOGY PROCESSING GROUP (OBPG). ADDITIONAL ENHANCEMENTS ARE PROPOSED FOR THE MODIS SST ALGORITHM. WHEREAS THE LATBAND APPROACH MINIMIZED BIAS AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF SST RESIDUALS, FIXED LATITUDINAL BOUNDARIES DO NOT TRACK WELL ZONAL VARIATIONS IN COLUMN WATER VAPOR. AN ENHANCED IMPLEMENTATION IS PROPOSED IN WHICH 6 QUASI-ZONAL BANDS STILL ARE INVOLVED, BUT ZONAL BOUNDARIES ARE DEFINED DYNAMICALLY BY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MODIS CHANNELS. A SECOND PROPOSED ENHANCEMENT IS THE USE OF THE REYNOLDS VERSION 2 GLOBAL SST ANALYSES AS QUALITY CONTROL AND FIRST-GUESS SST FIELDS FOR THE MODIS SST PRODUCTION STREAM. AS THESE FIELDS INCLUDE AMSR OBSERVATIONS, THEY ALLOW DETECTION OF HIGH WATER VAPOR CONCENTRATION AND DUST AEROSOLS WHICH INTRODUCE COLD BIASES INTO MODIS SSTS. A CENTRAL COMPONENT OF THE WORK PROPOSED IS THE QUANTIFICATION OF ERRORS AND UNCERTAINTIES OF GLOBAL SST TIME SERIES. THE MDB IS USED TO BUILD AN ERROR HYPERCUBE A 7-DIMENSIONAL MATRIX THAT INCLUDES SST, LATITUDE, TIME OF YEAR, RETRIEVAL QUALITY, SATELLITE ZENITH ANGLE, BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND DAY/NIGHT. THE CURRENT HYPERCUBE IMPLEMENTATION PARTITIONS VARIABLES INTO DISCRETE BINS OR INTERVALS FOR WHICH SST ERRORS ESTIMATES ARE PROVIDED. THE WORK PROPOSED HERE, IN CONTRAST, WILL IMPLEMENT A FUNCTIONAL FORMULATION THAT WILL REMOVE THE DISCONTINUITIES IN ERROR ESTIMATES IN THE PRESENT APPROACH. AS PROPOSED ALGORITHM UPDATES ARE IMPLEMENTED, THEY WILL BE PROVIDED TO OBPG FOR EVALUATION AND INSERTION INTO THE STANDARD MODIS SST PROCESSING STREAM. OBPG FACILITATES THE MODIS SST EFFORT BY EXTRACTING THE SATELLITE PORTION OF THE MDB. THE UPDATED MATCHUP DATABASE IS THEN ANALYZED ON AN ONGOING BASIS TO REVISE BOTH THE RETRIEVAL EQUATION COEFFICIENTS AND TO IMPROVE THE HYPERCUBE SST ERROR ANALYSIS. RESULTS OBTAINED FROM THE MATCH-UP DATABASE ANALYSIS WILL BE APPLIED TO VALIDATION OF THE MODIS SST PRODUCTS AND PRESENTED TO THE RELATED GROUP FOR HIGH RESOLUTION SST (GHRSST) AND THE NASA SST SCIENCE TEAM ACTIVITIES. THIS WORK LEVERAGES P. MINNETT S SEA-GOING WORK, WHICH WILL PROVIDE ACCURATE IN SITU RADIOMETRIC SST OBSERVATIONS TO QUANTIFY THE EFFICACY OF PROPOSED ALGORITHM ENHANCEMENTS. TO ENHANCE INTERACTIONS WITH THE COMMUNITY, PARTICIPANT INVESTIGATORS ALSO REQUEST MEMBERSHIP IN THE SST SCIENCE TEAM. - $184,940 - Friday the 10th of July 2015
National Aeronautics And Space Administration
NASA SHARED SERVICES CENTER
ALL CLIMATE MODELS PREDICT THAT THE ATMOSPHERE WILL MOISTEN IN RESPONSE TO INCREASING GREENHOUSE GASES. THE CONCENTRATIONS OF WATER VAPOR IN THE UPPER TROPOSPHERE ARE PROJECTED TO DOUBLE BY THE END OF THE CENTURY. THIS AMPLIFIED MOISTENING ALOFT NOT ONLY REPRESENTS A KEY FEEDBACK MECHANISM, BUT ALSO PROVIDES AN IMPORTANT FINGERPRINT FOR THE DETECTION AND ATTRIBUTION OF CLIMATE CHANGE. OUR PREVIOUS WORK IN THIS AREA FOCUSED ON THE CONSTRUCTION AND VALIDATION OF AN INTERCALIBRATED AND DRIFT-CORRECTED DATA SET OF INFRARED RADIANCES FROM HIRS/2 FOR A 25-YEAR PERIOD (1979-2004). THIS RADIANCE PRODUCT WAS THE FIRST TO DOCUMENT AN INCREASE IN UPPER TROPOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR ON DECADAL TIME-SCALES CONSISTENT WITH A POSITIVE WATER VAPOR FEEDBACK AND ALSO YIELDED THE FIRST OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE OF AN ENHANCED CLEAR-SKY GREENHOUSE EFFECT DUE TO HUMAN ACTIVITIES. THE HIRS/2 RECORD ENDED IN 2004 WITH THE LAUNCH OF THE HIRS/3 SENSOR WHICH HAS SUBSTANTIALLY DIFFERENT SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR THE UPPER TROPOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR CHANNEL. THE NOMINAL WAVELENGTH WAS SHIFTED FROM 6.7 M TO 6.5 M RESULTING IN A BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE OF ABOUT 7 K BETWEEN HIRS/2 (PRIOR TO AND INCLUDING NOAA-14) AND HIRS/3 (NOAA-15 AND ABOVE). IN THIS PROPOSAL WE SEEK TO EXTEND THE HIRS/2 RECORD IN TWO WAYS. FIRST, WE PROPOSE TO USE HIGH SPECTRAL RESOLUTION MEASUREMENTS FROM AIRS TO DEVELOP A CALIBRATION PROCEDURE FOR MERGING THE HIRS/2 AND HIRS/3 WATER VAPOR CHANNEL RADIANCES. THE AIRS DATA WILL BE CONVOLVED WITH BOTH THE HIRS/2 AND HIRS/3 SPECTRAL RESPONSE FUNCTIONS TO DEVELOP THE NEEDED SPECTRAL CALIBRATION OFFSETS, TO ASSESS THEIR STABILITY, AND TO MONITOR THEIR REGIONAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY. SECOND, WE WILL UTILIZE THE GROWING ARCHIVE OF SATELLITE MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS FROM SSM/T-2 (1994-PRESENT), AMSU-B (1998-PRESENT) AND MHS (2003-PRESENT) TO CONSTRUCT A HOMOGENIZED TIME-SERIES OF MICROWAVE UPPER TROPOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR RADIANCES. THE MICROWAVE RADIANCES WILL OVERLAP 15+ YEARS OF THE MERGED HIRS RECORD, INCLUDING THE HIRS/2 TO HIRS/3 TRANSITION PERIOD, PROVIDING AN INDEPENDENT DATA SET TO ASSESS THE STABILITY OF THE HIRS RADIANCES. BECAUSE MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS ARE LESS AFFECTED BY CLOUDS COMPARED TO INFRARED MEASUREMENTS, THE WATER VAPOR DATA SET DERIVED FROM THEM WILL HAVE IMPROVED SPACE/TIME COVERAGE AND BE LESS PRONE TO CLEAR-SKY SAMPLING BIASES. WHILE THIS REPRESENTS AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE OBSERVATIONAL PRODUCT, IT WILL REQUIRE CARE TO INSURE THAT ANY POTENTIAL DRIFTS BETWEEN THE INFRARED AND MICROWAVE RECORDS ARE NOT A RESULT OF CHANGES IN SAMPLING OVER TIME. BOTH THE INFRARED AND MICROWAVE WATER VAPOR RADIANCE DATA SETS WILL BE COMPARED TO GROUND-BASED RAMAN LIDAR MEASUREMENTS FROM THE ARM SOUTHERN GREAT PLAINS FACILITY USING A PROFILE-TO-RADIANCE COMPARISON PROCEDURE, PROVIDING A THIRD INDEPENDENT DATA SET FOR VALIDATION. THE PROPOSED WORK DIRECTLY ADDRESSES THE ANNOUNCEMENTS PRIORITY OF DEVELOPING #MULTI-INSTRUMENT / MULTI-PLATFORM DATA SETS INVOLVING SATELLITES FROM MULTIPLE PROVIDERS# FOR A KEY CLIMATE VARIABLE. - $124,249 - Friday the 10th of July 2015
National Aeronautics And Space Administration
NASA SHARED SERVICES CENTER
THIS INVESTIGATION PROPOSES TO UTILIZE A COMBINATION OF AIRCRAFT AND SATELLITE DATA TO ADDRESS THE FOLLOWING GENERAL SCIENCE QUESTIONS UNDER THE NASA HSRP: -WHAT IMPACT DOES THE LARGE-SCALE ENVIRONMENT, PARTICULARLY THE SAL, HAVE ON INTENSITY CHANGE? -WHAT IS THE ROLE OF STORM INTERNAL PROCESSES SUCH AS DEEP CONVECTIVE TOWERS? -TO WHAT EXTENT ARE THESE INTENSIFICATION PROCESSES PREDICTABLE? SPECIFIC EMPHASIS WILL INCLUDE OPTIMIZING AIRCRAFT SAMPLING STRATEGIES IN BOTH THE TROPICAL CYCLONE (TC) INNER CORE AND THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT. NOAA AIRCRAFT DATASETS WILL BE UTILIZED TO COMPLIMENT AND SUPPLEMENT MISSIONS CONDUCTED BY NASA (SPECIFICALLY, GRIP AND HS3). CORE SCIENCE OBJECTIVES WILL INCLUDE: I. EXAMINING UPPER-LEVEL WARM CORE EVOLUTION GH THE 3-D TEMPERATURE STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION IN THE CORE OF TCS WILL BE EXAMINED USING A COMBINATION OF SATELLITE MICROWAVE SOUNDERS (E.G. MSU, AMSU, SSMIS) AND NASA GLOBAL HAWK (GH) AIRCRAFT DATA. THESE MEASUREMENTS WILL PROVIDE A UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY TO QUANTIFY THE SUB-SAMPLING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SATELLITE-BASED SENSORS AND IMPROVE THE ALGORITHMS USED BY THESE PLATFORMS TO ESTIMATE TC INTENSITY. WE WILL ALSO INVESTIGATE THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TC WARM CORE STRUCTURE/EVOLUTION/VERTICAL EXTENT AND TC INTENSITY CHANGE/GENESIS. II. EXAMINING UPPER-LEVEL OUTFLOW PATTERNS WE PROPOSE TO USE A COMBINATION OF AIRCRAFT AND SATELLITE ASSETS TO DOCUMENT THE 3-D STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION OF DIABATICALLY DRIVEN AND ENHANCED UPPER-TROPOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENTAL OUTFLOW ANTICYCLONES ON THE POLEWARD SIDE OF TCS. THIS EFFORT HAS RELEVANCE TO TC PREDICTABILITY STUDIES AND WILL PROVIDE INSIGHT ON UPPER-LEVEL OUTFLOW CONFIGURATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH TCS THROUGH STRATIFICATION OF THE STORM INTENSITY, TRACK, AND SHEAR (MAGNITUDE AND DIRECTION), TIME OF YEAR (EARLY VS. LATE SEASON), AND TC DISTANCE TO LAND. III. INVESTIGATING INNER CORE TC PULSING THIS INVESTIGATION WILL ADDRESS A NEW AREA OF RESEARCH THAT EXAMINES AN INTRIGUING DIURNAL PULSING PATTERN THAT MAY REPRESENT AN UNREALIZED, YET FUNDAMENTAL PROCESS OF MATURE TCS. NEW INFRARED GOES SATELLITE IMAGERY REVEALS DIURNAL PULSES IN THE CLOUD FIELDS THAT EMANATE FROM THE TC INNER CORE AND SLOWLY PROPAGATE AWAY FROM THE STORM. THERE APPEAR TO BE SIGNIFICANT TC STRUCTURAL CHANGES AS THIS PULSE MOVES OUT FROM THE INNER CORE EACH DAY TO PERIPHERAL RADII (400+ KM). THE NEW EXPERIMENTAL REAL-TIME GOES IMAGERY WILL BE USED TO MONITOR THEIR PROPAGATION AND GUIDE AIRCRAFT SAMPLING OF THE STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION OF THESE DIURNAL PULSES. IV. EXAMINING NEAR-ENVIRONMENT MOISTURE INTERACTIONS THIS EFFORT WILL TARGET LOW TO MID-LEVEL MOISTURE IN THE TC ENVIRONMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF VERTICAL WIND SHEAR TO EXAMINE POSSIBLE IMPACTS OF DRY AIR ON STORM INTENSITY AND STRUCTURE, AS WELL AS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOW TO MID-LEVEL DRY AIR, VERTICAL WIND SHEAR, AND THE FORMATION OF ARC CLOUDS IN THE PERIPHERY OF TCS. RECENT ANALYSES USING THE SHIPS MODEL SUGGESTS THAT THE POSITIONING OF LOW TO MID-LEVEL DRY AIR UP-SHEAR OF A TC AND ARC CLOUD FORMATION MAY BE AN IMPORTANT PREDICTOR REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF DRY AIR ON TC INTENSITY. MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THIS EFFORT WILL INCLUDE IMPROVING THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LOW TO MID-LEVEL DRY AIR, VERTICAL WIND SHEAR, ARC CLOUD FORMATION, AND DIURNAL PULSING. THIS PROPOSED WORK IS DESIGNED TO ADDRESS KEY QUESTIONS RELATED TO IMPACTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES AND INTERNAL PROCESSES ON TC INTENSITY CHANGE AND PREDICTABILITY UNDER NASA S HSRP PROGRAM. WE PROPOSE TO FACILITATE THIS RESEARCH PROJECT USING A COMBINATION OF AIRCRAFT (GH, G-IV, AND P-3 ORIONS) AND MICROWAVE AND SATELLITE PLATFORMS (E.G. NASA, NOAA, AND DMSP). THE COLLECTIVE EXPERIENCE OF THE PROPOSAL TEAM IN DESIGNING/CONDUCTING FIELD RESEARCH, ACCESSING/UTILIZING SATELLITE DATA, AND WORKING WITH AIRCRAFT ASSETS IN LARGE FIELD PROGRAMS WILL HELP FACILITATE THE SUCCESS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT. - $12,000 - Saturday the 1st of December 2012
Geological Survey
OFFICE OF ACQUISITION AND GRANTS - SACRAMENTO
IGF::OT::IGF OTHER FUNCTIONS - SAMPLE&ANALYSIS/UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI - $1,184,590 - Monday the 3rd of December 2012
Veterans Affairs Department
546-MIAMI
EXERCISE OPTION YEAR II 7/1/12 - THRU 6/30/13, CRITICAL FUNCTIONS. - $110,000 - Friday the 31st of August 2012
National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration
WESTERN ACQUISITION DIVISION - BOULDER
ADAPTIVE STATISTICAL SAMPLING DESIGN ANALYSIS FOR OPTIMAL MONITORING OF THE PAPAHANAUMOKUAKEA MARINE NATIONAL MONUMNET.
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